Votrax Type 'n Talk (1980)

Votrax Type 'n Talk (1980)

Yay! I finally obtained a TNT on eBay after 34 years of waiting.  Amazon even had a new-old-stock, "O1P-1224B," power supply for it.  I've put up the contents of the owner's manual, which is impossible to find online in this format:  Owner's Manual (PDF)

Type 'n Talk owes its existence to the speech synthesizer design created in 1970 by Richard T. Gagnon.  This was after coming up with a viable design scheme in his basement laboratory during his spare time.  The older I get the more I find that I like looking at patents.  Here is Gagnon's patent from 1973: US3908085

The TNT uses a Motorola 6802 CPU with 4K ROM and 1K RAM.  It interfaces to the outside world via an onboard RS-232C connector capable of receiving data at eight different baud rates from 75 to 9600 (8-N-1).

In 1980, Votrax designed and manufactured an integrated circuit speech synthesizer called the SC-01.  It was essentially Gagnon's discrete design mapped to silicon.  The TNT leverages the SC-01.  I find that a lot can be learned by looking at the data sheets for ICs, and here is the one for the  SC-01.

The TNT does not have an internal speaker, but the jack on the back is pre-amplified and not a "line out" signal, so headphones should work fine.

In 1981 two Votrax employees, Kathryn Fons and Tim Gargagliano, published an article in BYTE regarding the topic of voice synthesis.  This is a great source of history.  BYTE republished it 15 years later, but now it is almost impossible to find easily.  BYTE Magazine - February, 1996 (PDF)

VIC-VODER now shipping!

VIC-VODER

VIC-VODER is a new voice synthesizer for the Commodore VIC-20 / 64 / 128 featuring some of the latest advancements in speech technology. The system is developed by Rick Melick of San Francisco, California and is available to order at his web site right now. VIC-VODER features an all-in-one design that simply plugs into the User Port to produce quality text-to-speech (English). Talking is as simple as a PRINT statement. A built-in amplifier and speaker complete the entire package. The architecture is "open," which makes it a terrific platform for the development community. You can upgrade your system as new features become available in the months and years ahead.  Click here for VIC-VODER product specifications and sales information.

Build a Speech Synthesizer for VIC-20

Build a Speech Synthesizer for VIC-20

Speech Synthesizers for legacy systems are getting harder and harder to find. Back in the day, there were the high-end units that featured text-to-speech translation processors. The Cadillac systems were the Votrax "Type-N-Talk" and "Personal Speech System." Then there were the low-end units, requiring manual translation of allophones or phonemes from tables in manuals, combined with PEEKs and POKEs, to form words and sentences. The purpose of this project is to simulate the high-end units of the time.

The biggest challenge today is finding modern parts that are willing to communicate at 1200 baud. For example, the SpeakJet allophones synthesizer, combined with a 8-bit microprocessor programmed with letter-to-sound rules for text-to-speech (such as the TTS256), popular in today's robotics, will only operate at 9600 baud. That is too fast for poor, old VIC!

These days it is actually easier (and cheaper) to dedicate an entire computer and software to the task versus a purely silicon approach.  The dedication of a computer to a specific task as part of a larger system is not so different than the intelligent peripherals of the day, like disk drives and printers, where processing was offloaded to the device.    Today this is common place.  We're surrounded by dedicated systems interconnected in highly flexible ways.  Even the "walled gardens" of our cell phones, tablets and consumer appliances have full-fledged operating systems underneath their slick user interfaces. 

So, this solution does expose one to some really cool things: Raspberry Pi (University of Cambridge’s Computer Laboratory); Debian Linux configuration; hardware-level general purpose input/output (GPIO); TTL serial communications; logic level converters; the Festival (offline manual in PDF format) text-to-speech synthesis system (University of Edinburgh's Centre for Speech Technology Research and  Carnegie Mellon University) which has a Scheme-based (SIOD) command interpreter for control; basic soldering techniques and more!

This project can easily be completed in a weekend, and done together with a child or friend. Only a Raspberry Pi, simple components and basic soldering are required.  What you will have in the end is a unit that operates very much like the high-end Votrax systems of the day. ... You OPEN a command channel for writing and PRINT the sentences and words you want spoken.  Now you're talking!

So, what about the Scott Adams adventure games?  My hope was that Commodore was using a similar technique as this project for communicating with the Votrax.  Unfortunately, Votrax had some proprietary control codes that could be sent to their system and not be interpreted by their text-to-speech processor in the manner we're communicating for this project.  My belief is that only a Votrax Type-N-Talk (not even the Votrax Personal Speech System) is the only way to get voice from these adventures.  Bummer!

I have additional VIC-20 material over on my web site: http://www.geocities.ws/cbm

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